How is inequality measured? Which countries are the most unequal? What organisations track this?
INEQUALITY
The state of not being equal, especially in status,
rights, and opportunities.
At the heart of social justice theories.
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What examples of inequality do you see in your country / society?
ECONOMIC INEQUALITY
How economic variables are distributed—among individuals in a group, among groups in a
population, or among countries
Two Perspectives:
1. Inequality of Outcomes
2. Inequality of Opportunity
INCOME INEQUALITY
At its highest level for the past half century
Av. Income 10% richest 9x poorest 10%
in the OECD Countries (38 members)
INEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY
Unequal access to employment / education
The freedom to choose one type of life
INEQUALITY OF OUTCOMES
Wellbeing: income, education, health, etc.
Inequal levels of material wealth or living conditions
PANDEMIC STATS
Inequality cont. to 21,000 deaths per day
World's 10 riches making $1.3b/day
160m into poverty since pandemic
10 billionaires doubled their wealth
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Which country do you think is the most unequal by share of national income? Eg. the bottom 50% of the population receives the least amount of income?
Shares of Income
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Which country (in the World Inequality Database) is the most equal by income?
Shares of Income
WORD USAGE
Why do we say "unequal" but "inequality"?
Unequal (Old English + common word equal)
Inequality (Latin-based French word)
US Pres. Ronald Reagan
"Rising abundance will lift all boats"
1979-2019 wages 1% 160%+
Wages bottom 90% shrunk 9%
MOST EQUAL REGION: EUROPE
Top 10% receive 36%
Public investment in job creation, education, and health
Financed through redistribution in the tax system
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Which area of inequality do you think is the most important?
UN SDG
United Nations
Sustainable Development Goals
Goal 10: Reduce inequality within and among countries
-Children in the poorest 20% 3x more likely to die before 5
-Up to 30% of income equality due to inequality in households
-Global refugees at record high. War in Ukraine pushes this even higher.
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